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FIELD SAMPLING METHODS AND IDENTIFICATION GUIDES The following is a bibliography of sampling techniques and identification guides (sight and sound) for amphibians and reptiles. This list is focused on but not limited to the western United States. It is not an exhaustive list. Please be advised that the listing of a method on this page does not constitute endorsement by the Declining Amphibian Task Force. Also keep in mind that the intent of the methods described may differ from yours, some methods deemed appropriate at an earlier time may no longer be viewed as such, and other methods may be available but are not listed here. Field Methods Visual Identification Guides
Camper, J.D. and J.R. Dixon. 1988. Evaluation of microchip marking
system for amphibians and reptiles. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department,
Austin. Corn, P.S. 1992. Laboratory and field evaluation of effects of
PIT tags. (abstract only). Annual Meetings of the Society for the
Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. El Paso, Texas. Corn, P.S. and Bury, R. Bruce. 1990. Sampling methods for terrestrial
amphibians and reptiles. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station, Portland, Oregon. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNWGTR256.
Doody, J.S. 1995. A photographic markrecapture method for patterned
amphibians. Herpetological Review. 26:1920. Fellers, G.M. and K.L. Freel. 1995. A standardized protocol for
surveying aquatic amphibians. Technical Report NPS/WRUC/NRTR9501,
USDI National Park Service / National Biological Survey (Pt. Reyes
National Seashore, California). Ferner, J.W. 1979. A review of marking techniques for amphibians
and reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 9. Society for the Study
of Amphibians and Reptiles. 42pp. Grant, B.W., A.D. Tucker, J.E. Lovich, A.M. Mills, P.M. Dixon,
and J.W. Gibbons. 1992. The use of coverboards in estimating patterns
of reptile and amphibian biodiversity. Pp. 379403 in: McCullough,
D.R. and R.H. Barrett. Wildlife 2001: Populations. Elsevier Applied
Science. London. Gosner, K.L. 1960. A simplified table for staging anuran embryos
and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183190.
Heyer, R.R., M.A. Donnelly, R.W. McDiarmid, L.C. Hayek, M.S. Foster.
1994. Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity, Standard Methods
for Amphibians. Smithsonian Institution Press. Olson, D.H., ed. 1996. Survey protocols for component/strategy
2 amphibian species. Survey and Manage Amphibian Subgroup, Regional
Ecosystem Office, USDA Forest Service, Portland, Oregon. 73 pp.
Peterson, C.R. and M.E. Dorcas. 1992. The use of automated dataaquisition
techniques in monitoring amphibian and reptiles populations. Pp.
369378 in: McCullough, D.R. and R.H. Barrett. Wildlife 2001: Populations.
Elsevier Applied Science. London. Rathbun, G.B. and T. Murphy. 1993. A new radiotransmitter attachment
for large Ranid frogs. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Research
Information Bulletin no. 58. (San Simeon, California). Rice, T.M. and D.H. Taylor. 1993. A new method for making waistbands
to mark anurans. Herpetological Review. 24:141142. Richter, K.O. 1995. A simple aquatic funnel trap and its application to wetland monitoring. Herpetological Review 26:9091. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr., and Sam Droege. 2001. A case for using
plethodontid salamanders for monitoring biodiversity and ecosystem
integrity of North American forests. Conservation Biology 15(3):558-569. Bury, R. B. and P.S Corn. 1991. Sampling methods for amphibians
in streams in the Pacific Northwest. USDA Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNWGTR275. Leonard, W.P., R.B. Bury, and D.H. Olson, eds. 1997. Standard
methods for inventory and monitoring of pondbreeding amphibians
in the Pacific Northwest. Society for Northwest Vertebrate Biology,
Northwest Fauna no. 4 (In Press). Martin, D.L., M.R. Jennings, H.H. Welsh, Jr., and D.L. Dondero. 1994. Anuran survey protocol for the Sierra Nevada of California. Canorus Ltd. Press. Goleta, California. Padgett-Flohr, G.E., and M.R. Jennings. Seltenrich, C.P., and A.C. Pool. 2002. A
standardized approach for habitat assessments and visual encounter
surveys for the foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii) [pdf
file]. Pacific Gas and Electric Co., San Ramon, CA. Contact: Alicia
Pool, ACPa@pge.com. The files
for this will go on our web site, so I will forward you the email
with these. Welsh, H.H., Jr., and G.R. Hodgson. 1997. A hierarchical strategy
for sampling herpetofaunal assemblages along small streams in the
western U.S., with an example from Northern California. Trans. West.
Sect. Wildlife Society 33:56-66. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/welsh/welsh6.pdf Welsh, H.H. Jr., A.J. Lind, and D.L. Waters, 1991. Monitoring
Frogs and Toads on Region 5 National Forests. FHR Tech. Bulletin
No. 4. Welsh, H.H. Jr., L.M. Ollivier, and D.G. Hankin. 1996. A habitatbased
design for sampling and monitoring stream amphibians with an illustration
from Redwood National Park. Northwest Naturalist (In Press). Welsh, H.H., 1986. Monitoring herpetofauna in woodland habitats
of Northwestern California and Southern Oregon: a comprehensive
strategy. pp. 203213, In: Proceedings of the Symposium on MultipleUse
Management of California's Hardwood Resources. San Luis Obispo,
CA. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany,
California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW100. Baxter, G. T. and M. D. Stone. 1980. Amphibians and Reptiles
of Wyoming. Wyoming Game and Fish Dept. Bulletin (16). Behler, J. L. and F. W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society Field
Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf,
New York. Corkran, C.C. and C. Thomas. 1996. Amphibians: A Complete Field Identification Manual for Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing. Redmond, Washington (In Press). Fisher, Robert N. and Ted J. Case. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Coastal Southern California. Green, D. M. and R. W. Campell. 1984. The amphibians of British
Columbia. D. M. Green and R. W. Campell. Heritage Record no. 45.
British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria, BC. Hammerson G. A. 1982. Amphibians and Reptiles in Colorado.
Colorado Division of Wildlife. Denver, CO. Hodge, R. P. 1976. Amphibians and Reptiles of Alaska, the Yukon
and Northwest Territories. Alaska Northwest Publishing, Anchorage,
AK. Leonard, W. P., H. A. Brown, L. L. C. Jones, K. R. McAllister
and R. M. Storm. 1993. Amphibians of Washington and Oregon. Seattle
Audubon Society, Seattle. To order call 206-523-4483. Livo, L. J. 1995. Identification Guide to Montane Amphibians
of the Southern Rocky Mountains. Colorado Division of Wildlife,
Denver, CO. Martin, D.L. 1992. Sierra Nevada anuran guide. Canorus Ltd. Press.
Goleta, California. Nussbaum, R. A., E. D. Brodie and R. M. Storm. 1983. Amphibians
and Reptiles of the Pacific Northwest. University Press of Idaho,
Moscow, ID. Reichel J. and D. Flath. 1995. Identification of Montana's Amphibians
and Reptiles. Montana Outdoors, May-June. Montana Fish, Wildlife
and Parks. Stebbins, Robert. C. 2003. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles
and Amphibians. 3rd revised edition. Peterson Field Guide Series.
Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA. Stebbins, Robert,. C. 1972. California Amphibians and Reptiles.
California Natural History Series: 31. University of California
Press, Berkeley. Storm, R.M. and W.P. Leonard, eds. 1995. Reptiles of Washington
and Oregon. Seattle Audubon Society. Bogert, C. M. 1958. Sounds
of North American Frogs. Smithsonian Folkways Records, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington D.C. 20560. Folkways cassette series 6166
(F-6166) . Includes an article titled "The biological significance
of voice in frogs."  Davidson,
C. 1995. Frog and Toad Calls of the Pacific Coast: Vanishing Voices.Library
of Natural Sounds, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, New
York. Guide can be obtained at the Cornell Lab Birding Shop, North
American Audio Guides web site. cd or cassette Wallis, C. 1981. Amphibians and Reptiles of Alberta. Alberta
Wilderness Association. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Updated: March 25, 2006 |
Davidson,
C. 1996. Frog and Toad Calls of the Rocky Mountains and Southwest
(audio guide).Library of Natural Sounds, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology,
Ithaca, New York. Guide can be obtained at the Cornell Lab Birding
Shop, North
American Audio Guides web site.